Various observations from particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology have suggested that the standard model of particle physics for describing the microscopic structure of matter is not complete. It is then one of the vital scientific problems of current particle physics and cosmological observations to search for the signals of new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. Many new physics models beyond the standard model of particle physics predict the cosmological first-order phase transitions during the evolution of our Universe. With the temperature decreasing due to the expansion of the Universe, symmetries at high energy scales would be broken simultaneously, and the associated quantum field would decay into the true vacuum from the false vacuum by quantum tunneling via the nucleation and expansion of true-vacuum bubbles, resulting in the energy transfer into the kinetic energy of bubble walls and background fluid, similar to the violent process of frozen ice from supercooling water. The following collisions among expanding bubbles would induce large fluctuations in the energy density. Therefore, as a violent process in the early Universe, the cosmological first-order phase transitions could produce various observational effects, including the stochastic gravitational wave background, primordial magnetic field, and baryon asymmetry, making it feasible to probe or constrain the new physics from astrophysical and cosmological observations. The gravitational-wave observation from cosmological first-order phase transition is also one of the main scientific targets of many gravitational-wave observational projects.Recently, the postdoc Dr. Jing Liu from the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the associate researcher Prof. Ligong Bian from Chongqing University, the researchers Prof. Rong-Gen Cai, Prof. Zong-Kuan Guo, and the postdoc Dr. Shao-Jiang Wang from the Institute of Theoretical Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences have proposed a new mechanism for the productions of primordial black holes, and given rise to rigorous constraints on the properties of cosmological first-order phase transitions from the astrophysical observational data. Due to the randomness of quantum tunneling, the progress of vacuum decay varies in different regions. Note that the false vacuum energy density barely changes with the cosmological expansion, while the energy densities of other matter components like radiations and cold dark matter are rapidly diluted with the expansion of the Universe. Therefore, the regions of vacuum decay that fall behind the others would admit higher energy densities after the phase transition. This is to say that the cosmological first-order phase transition would induce fluctuations in energy density. These high-energy-density regions would eventually produce primordial black holes via gravitational collapse, and these primordial black holes are almost monochromatic in their mass spectrum. The relevant paper has been published as a Letter in Phys. Rev.D 105 (2022) L021303. The primordial black holes produced with this mechanism and the associated gravitational waves could explain the merger rate of black hole binaries observed in LIGO-Virgo collaborations as well as the signal from the NANOGrav observation.They also discovered that the first-order phase transition could induce superhorizon curvature perturbations, and in turn probe and constrain the phase-transition properties from the observations of the curvature perturbations at small cosmological scales. The nucleation rate of true vacuum bubbles per unit time and per unit volume could be obtained from the quantum tunneling. After the phase transition, the regions with a scale larger than the product of phase-transition duration and light speed share no causal connection, and the causality requires the energy density spectrum of curvature perturbations to be proportional to the cube of wavenumber. Hence, if the superhorizon scale is considered, the induced curvature perturbations from phase transitions could largely surpass the primordial perturbations from the early-universe inflation so that it can be probed by various astrophysical observations, including the temperature anisotropies and spectrum distortion in the cosmic microwave background radiations and the number density in ultra-compact minihalos. In turn, we could also constrain the phase-transition properties via the upper bounds on the curvature perturbations from these astrophysical observations.Figure 1: Constraints on the parameter space of phase transition from different observations on the curvature perturbations, where alpha denotes the phase-transition strength, beta/H_* denotes the phase-transition rate, and T_* is the phase-transition temperature. The gray solid curves and gray dotted curves in the left and middle panels are constraints from the gravitational-wave background and big bang nucleosynthesis, respectively.They have obtained the power spectrum of the curvature perturbations induced from the first-order phase transitions, and for the first time given rise to rigorous constraints on the phase-transition parameters from the upper bounds on the curvature perturbations from astrophysical observations. The relevant paper has been published in Phys. Rev. Lett 130 (2023) 051001. As shown in Figure 1, all constraints on the cosmological first-order phase transitions below the electroweak scale are obtained from the upper bounds on the curvature perturbations from the big bang nucleosynthesis (blue curves), the temperature anisotropies and spectrum distortion in the cosmic microwave background radiations (green curves), and the number density in ultra-compact minihalos (orange solid curves from pulsar timing array and orange dashed curves from Gamma-ray detections). This study largely enhances the previous constraints from the stochastic gravitational-wave background (gray solid curves) and big bang nucleosynthesis (gray dotted curves) on the QCD first-order phase transition, low-energy dark-sector first-order phase transition, and some of the electroweak first-order phase transition, in particular the low-energy transitions and slow first-order phase transitions.This study is supported by relevant projects from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Link: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.051001Contact:Jing Liu: liujing@ucas.ac.cnInternational Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific
由联合国教科文组织国际理论物理中心（亚太地区）和引力波宇宙太极实验室联合主办的中国科学院大学国际理论物理中心（亚太地区）2022年优秀大学生夏令营及引力波暑期学校于2022年7月4-8日成功举办。在过去一周的时间里，共有11位专家老师围绕引力、黑洞与量子宇宙、引力波探测与精密测量技术展开二十场讲座，与来自全国三十余家高校及科研院所的同学相聚“云端”，共话基础物理的奥秘，体悟科学的乐趣。暑期学校部分师生“云合影” 本次引力波暑期学校共有15位学员经专家考核脱颖而出，授予中国科学院大学国际理论物理中心（亚太地区）2022年优秀大学生夏令营“优秀学员”称号，名单公布如下（按姓氏排序）： 此次活动为年轻学子提供了一个接触国际学科前沿的平台，将吸引更多的有志青年投身到引力波探测相关研究中。期待他们未来能够成为空间引力波探测“太极计划”的一员，为中国空间引力波探测做出卓越贡献。
The five-day long summer school jointly held by International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific (ICTP-AP) and Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe was successfully concluded on 8th July, 2022. During the week, students from over 30 universities and science institutes gathered virtually to explore the myth of basic physics and enjoy the beauty of science, with 20 lectures centered on gravity, black hole and quanta to cosmos, gravitational wave detection and accurate measurement given by eleven experts and professors. Group photo of the students and staffThis virtual summer school has provided an important platform for the young talents to reach the frontiers of international disciplines so as to attract more youth to devote themselves to the research field of gravitational wave detection, become a member of the Taiji Program in Space and make their own contribution to Chinese space gravitational wave detection mission in the future.
On 30 June 2022, the launching ceremony of the “Forum on Frontiers of Quanta to Cosmos Physics” was held successfully. The International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific (UNESCO Category 2 Centre), Institute of Theoretical Physics, CAS, and Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS jointly organized this forum, marking the official launch of the "2022 International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development" in China. Five online platforms broadcasted this event and attracted more than 50，000 participations.At the beginning of the forum, six leaders from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and research institutions actively expressed their support for IYBSSD 2022 and the “Forum on Frontiers of Quanta to Cosmos Physics". Then, six academicians delivered academic reports on the development history, current situation, and frontier prospects of theoretical physics. As one of the IYBSSD 2022 events in China, the Forum on Frontiers of Quanta to Cosmos Physics mainly focuses on the significance of basic science to original innovation, scientific and technological development, and sustainable development. From 30 June to 31 December 2022, the forum will hold separate forums corresponding to different topics including: Particle Physics and Origin of Matter, Unified Field Theory and Origin of Universe, Dark Universe and Black Hole Physics, Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Gravitational Waves and Precision Measurement Physics, and Fundamental Physics and Quantum Century.The sub-forum will invite scientists working on the front line of scientific research to share their experiences and insights of basic sciences research, to enhance the public's understanding of basic science and stimulate young people's interest in participating in basic science research.The Forum on Frontiers of Quanta to Cosmos Physics is supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Natural Science Foundation of China.
At present, human beings know that there are four fundamental interactions in nature: gravitation, electromagnetism, strong and weak interactions. Gravitation is described by Einstein’s general theory of relativity, electromagnetic interactions are described by Maxwell equations, strong interactions are described by quantum chromodynamics (the binding of protons and neutrons into nuclei exhibits strong interactions), and weak interactions are described by electroweak model (some radioactive decays of unstable elements are caused by weak interactions, such as ß-decay). One of the ultimate goals of theoretical physics is to find a theoretical framework that can describe the four fundamental interactions in a unified way, i.e., the unified theory.Why should we unify different theories? In the development history of theoretical physics, unified theories describing different physical phenomena appeared more than once, and each unification made human beings have a deeper understanding of nature. For example, it is intuitively believed that electricity and magnetism are different natural phenomena, but Maxwell advanced a set of equations, which can describe electricity and magnetism in a unified way, indicating that electricity and magnetism are essentially the same, that is, electricity can generate magnetism, and magnetism can generate electricity, which laid a foundation for the development of motors, generators and radio communication. Current research in theoretical physics shows that the electroweak and strong interactions can be described by the Standard Model of particle physics, but they are still relatively independent and have not formed a unified model. In addition, gravitational interaction is essentially different from other interactions. The general theory of relativity describing gravitation is still a classical theory described by spacetime geometric dynamics, not a quantum theory. Therefore, it has always been the goal of theoretical physicists to find the quantum theory of gravitation and unify the electroweak interaction, strong interaction and gravitational interaction. In the search for a unified theory, Einstein made many attempts in the rest of his life, but failed. In recent decades, theoretical physicists put forward and developed the superstring theory, which is considered as a possible candidate for the unified theory. However, there is no final conclusion on this issue. One hundred years after Einstein put forward the Unified Field Theory, Yueliang Wu, academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Director of ICTP-AP, Director of Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe of UCAS, and Director of Academic Committee of the Institute of Theoretical Physics, CAS) has completed the systematic research work of The Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory. It opens up a new way to reveal the basic composition, symmetry and basic interactions of nature, the essence of spacetime and gravitation, and the origin of matter and the universe. It is a new attempt to the unified theory. The exploration and research of The Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory breaks the usual thinking formed since Einstein’s theory of relativity. Instead of starting directly from the existing concepts of symmetry, spacetime and its geometry, it takes the concepts of matter and motion as the basic starting point, that is, nature is composed of fundamental building blocks, which have intrinsic structures and are in motion constantly, and their motion is simple and regular. In order to realize such concepts of matter and motion reasonably and consistently in physics, The Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory takes the action principle of path integral formulation, which has been successfully applied to quantum field theory and classical physics, as its theoretical form system, the maximum coherence motion principle and locally entangled-qubits motion principle, together with the principle of scaling and gauge invariance are proposed and served as the foundation of hyperunified field theory. Starting from the basic matter field and motion concept and based on the existing physical phenomena and experiments, The Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory puts forward the basic guiding principles for establishing hyperunified field theory. Through detailed physical analysis and systematic theoretical deduction and induction, it can solve a series of long-standing basic problems in fundamental theoretical physics. For example, why are the fundamental building blocks of nature presented as spinor fields? What is the fundamental symmetry of nature and how it came into being? What is the basic attribute of spacetime and how it is embodied? How to determine the spacetime dimension of nature? Why time is different from space, and time is one-dimensional? Why there are more than one generation of leptons and quarks in nature? Why is the material world observed a four-dimensional spacetime universe? Whether the four basic interactions known in nature can be dominated by unified fundamental symmetry? What is the essence of gravitation and how it is characterized by hyperunified fundamental symmetry? What is the essence and structure of spacetime? How to understand the origin and evolution of the universe and how the early inflation of the universe occurred? What are the properties of dark matter and whether its existence implies new interactions in nature? What is the essence of dark energy and whether its presentation comes from new interactions in nature? Why today’s universe presents parity breaking and asymmetry between matter and antimatter? Whether the unified description of the fundamental laws of physics is uniquely determined by the concepts of matter and motion, and what kind of energy concepts, spacetime concepts, geometric concepts and cosmic concepts it will lead to? Academician Yueliang Wu’s related research results have been written into two articles, The foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory I-Fundamental Building Block and Symmetry and The foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory II-Fundamental Interaction and Evolving Universe, which were published in the International Journal of Modern Physics A (IJMPA Vol.36, No.28) with the special issue The foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory (301 pages in total):“Special Issue on the Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory” https://www.worldscientific.com/toc/ijmpa/36/28 “The Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory I —Fundamental Building Block and Symmetry”( IJMPA Vol.36, No.28, 2143001 (2021); arXiv:2104.05404 ) https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217751X21430016 “The Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory II —Fundamental Interaction and Evolving Universe” ”( IJMPA Vol.36, No.28, 2143002 (2021); arXiv:2104.05404 ) https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217751X21430028 He was invited to give talks on related work at the 2020/2021 Autumn Conference of Chinese Physical Society and the 28th International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY2021):The Foundation of Hyperunified Field Theory & Opportunity of New Scientific Revolution https://www.koushare.com/video/videodetail/16871 The Foundation of Unified Theory & Space Gravitational Wave Detection https://indico.cern.ch/event/875077/contributions/4488999/ The research above is supported by national funds, including the national key research and development plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology “Gravitational Wave Detection” key project, major projects of “Research on Physical Problems Related to Gravitational Waves” of National Natural Science Foundation of China, key projects related to dark matter attributes, “Special Fund for Theoretical Physics”. “Multi-Band Gravitational Wave Universe Research-Taiji Plan Pre-Study” and “Taiji Program for Space Gravitational Wave Detection” of Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS.
The Pre-SUSY Summer School, jointly organized by the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Theoretical Physics and ICTP-AP ended successfully on August 20, 2021. The two weeks summer school adopted the form of Chinese Week and English Week. Nearly 40 well-known experts and scholars at home and abroad were invited to bring wonderful lectures.Since its establishment in 1993, the annual SUSY Conference is one of the largest academic conferences in high-energy physics in the world. The conference has been held for 27 times around the world, and each was hosted by famous universities or research institutions from all over the world, dedicated to exploring cutting-edge ideas in the field of elementary particle physics. The 28th SUSY conference was supposed to be held in Beijing in 2020, but it had to be postponed until 2021 due to the impact of Covid-19 pandemic.Before each SUSY Conference, Pre-SUSY schools will be held for senior graduate students and postdocs from all over the world. Providing opportunities for young scholars to expand their knowledge and explore the forefront of world science. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the school took online teaching, and more than 1,000 people from home and abroad gathered in the cloud to conduct academic discussions on topics such as standard model, supersymmetry theory, grand unified theory, superstring model, Higgs physics, dark matter and so on.In addition to expert lectures, the summer school also provided a stage for students. Through voluntary registration, students could give academic reports based on their own research and communicate with the audience.Pre-SUSY Summer School has come to a successful conclusion. The International Academic Conference on Supersymmetry Physics will be held online from August 23 to 28. The academic feast will continue. Welcome to join us! (SUSY Conference website: https://indico.cern.ch/event/8750777/)For schedule and courseware of Pre-SUSY Summer School 2021, please refer to: https://ictp-ap.org/event/12
On July 20, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) held a press conference on the scientific achievements of “Strategic Priority Research Program” in Beijing. WU Yue-Liang, vice president of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) and chief scientist of the Taiji program, on behalf of the scientific collaboration team, released the scientific achievements of Taiji-1 satellite in the first stage.Taiji-1 satellite was officially delivered to UCAS in orbit in January 2020. The results of the first-stage in-orbit test and data analysis show that the Taiji-1 has achieved the highest precision of space laser interferometry in China. The accuracy of displacement measurement of the laser interferometer on Taiji-1 reached 100pm/Hz1/2, 25 pm/Hz1/2 in some frequency bands. The accuracy of the gravitational reference sensor on the satellite reached 10-10ms-2/Hz1/2, and the sensing accuracy and range ratio reaches the best level of 2×10-6/Hz1/2 in China. For the first time in the world, the on-orbit verification of the micro-thruster radio-frequency(RF) ion and dual-mode Hall electric propulsion technology has been realized. The micro-propulsion system achieves 0.15μN/Hz1/2 noise level, and the thrust measurement accuracy is better than 0.02μN/Hz1/2. The first on-orbit experiment of drag-free control of satellite was carried out in China, and the residual acceleration is better than 10-8ms-2/Hz1/2. The temperature control of the satellite platform reaches ± 2.6mk.The results of these in-orbit tests have been published in Communications Physics, one of the Nature-branded journals (read more). The realization of these important indicators verified the feasibility of the key technology of space gravitational wave detection, and took the first step of China's space gravitational wave detection, laying a foundation for China to make a breakthrough in the field of space gravitational wave detection.Meanwhile, International Journal of Modern Physics A of the World Scientific Press has published more detailed experimental results of Taiji-1 in the form of an album, including 26 papers, from more than 180 researchers, more than 30 cooperative units (read more). This album covers the interferometer system, gravity reference sensor, micro-thruster system, drag-free control, ultra-stable and ultra-static satellite technology, and introduces the data processing process of Taiji-1 in detail.In addition, the Taiji team has made great progress in the research of the scientific target of gravitational wave detection in space. For the first time in the world, the Taiji team proposed to use "Taiji-LISA" for networked observation, published in Nature Astronomy, which is expected to improve the accuracy of The Hubble constant to five parts per thousand (read more). The networked observations will allow faster and more accurate positioning of gravitational wave sources and are expected to improve accuracy by up to four orders of magnitude.Taiji-1 was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 31 August 2019, and it was China’s first satellite to conduct in-orbit experiments on the key technologies related to space-borne Gravitational Wave (GW) detection. It’s also the first step of Taiji program, which is a Chinese space-borne GW detection mission leading by Chinese Academy of Sciences. Taiji-1 has successfully completed all the preset on-orbit experiment tasks, and will further explore the performance limit of the payload on orbit, long life, and optimization of the drag-free control strategy and other expanded experiments.UCAS is the user and scientific application undertaking unit of Taiji-1. The National Space Science Center is responsible for the overall project and the ground support system. The satellite system was developed by the Micro Satellite Innovation Institute of the CAS. The cooperative units participating in the payload development also includes, Institute of Mechanics, CAS, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, CAS, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, CAST, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore etc.
The “ICTP-AP 2021 and Gravitational Wave Summer School” sponsored by ICTP-AP and Taiji Laboratory was successfully held in Beijing from July 15 to 21, 2021. Students from more than 30 universities and research institutes across China went to Beijing to participate in this activity and successfully graduated. At the opening ceremony, Yong Xie, Director of International Cooperation Department of UCAS, brought the First Lesson of School to the students. He talked about the development and innovation of higher education of CAS from 1950s, and brought everyone a comprehensive understanding of UCAS, an innovative university with the integration of science and education as the school mode, postgraduate education as the principle and elite undergraduate education as the school characteristics.Professor Congfeng Qiao, Secretary General of Taiji Consortium, welcomed all the students and introduced the development of Taiji Programme for space gravitational wave detection. He said that it was a long and arduous undertaking to explore the scientific frontier related to gravitational wave, and all students present might be the mainstay of gravitational wave detection in the future, so students need to constantly strengthen their fundamental scientific knowledge and learn about the scientific frontier subjects to lay a solid foundation for future research.In the following week,17 experts and teachers were invited to give more than 20 lectures on gravitation, black holes and quantum universe, gravitational wave detection and precision measurement technology, and discussed about the frontier of theoretical physics science with the students.Students were discussing questions with teachers after classesAt the closing ceremony on the July 21, Academician Yueliang Wu, director of ICTP-AP, gave a lecture on the frontier of gravitational universe and the essence of time and space. He introduced the latest scientific research achievements of “Taiji-1”, the first satellite of Taiji Programme: “Taiji-1” team had put forward the proposal of using “Taiji-LISA” for networking observation for the first time in the world, which was expected to improve the accuracy of Hubble constant to 0.5%, to locate the position of gravitational wave source faster and more accurately, and improve the accuracy by four orders of magnitude. Taiji-1 has completed all preset experimental tasks and achieved the highest precision space laser interferometry in China. It has completed all the performance verification of micro-newton radio frequency ion propulsion and hall-effect micro thruster technology for the first time in the world. It has taken the lead in realizing the breakthrough of two kinds of drag-free control technologies in China, and the sensing accuracy and range of gravitational reference sensor reached the best compared with others in the same level in China, meeting the needs of Taiji-2 and approaching the needs of Taiji-3 in the future. In the ever-changing era, we hope all the students will have great ambitions, be courageous and strive for the development of foundamental sciences.
4月18日，浙江省引领波精密测量重点实验室（培育）建设启动会暨太极实验室第一届学术委员会会议在国科大杭州高等研究院（以下简称“杭高院”）召开。 中科院力学研究所胡文瑞院士、中国科学院大学吴岳良院士、杭高院院长王建宇院士、中科院理论物理研究所蔡荣根院士、浙江大学朱诗尧院士、复旦大学马余刚院士、之江实验室副主任鲍虎军教授、浙江大学刘旭教授、中科院力学研究所康琦研究员、杭高院物理与光电工程学院戴宁研究员、杭高院基础物理与数学科学学院耿朝强研究员、杭高院常务副院长郑崇辉教授，杭州市科技局党组成员、总工程师楼立群现场出席会议，南京大学祝世宁院士、中科院国家天文台常进院士线上参会，杭高院筹建领导小组办公室主任沈伟主持会议。 郑崇辉对出席这次会议的各位来宾表示诚挚谢意和热烈欢迎。他介绍了杭高院目前教学科研和实验室建设的有关情况。作为我国空间引力波探测太极计划的核心支撑平台，太极实验室不仅是杭高院“一三五”规划建设中具有重大影响力的科技创新有力载体，也是引领重要科学发现和重大前沿技术突破的新引擎。随着实验室的顺利落地，将重点服务太极计划，致力于为太极计划提供科学、技术和管理领域的全面支撑。郑崇辉指出，浙江省和杭州市目前都在大力推进科技创新发展，相信在各位同仁的努力下，本次会议将为推动实验室的高质量发展，为进一步厚植浙江创新驱动发展新优势，为杭州加快打造“面向世界、引领未来、服务全国、带动全省”的创新策源地聚势赋能。 楼立群对杭高院太极实验室发展取得的进展表示祝贺，并表示杭州建设科学中心和创新高地离不开中科院、国科大的支持。作为杭州市高层次的科研机构和基础设施，太极实验室的建设，必将助力杭州未来争创综合性国家科学中心和区域性创新高地。市科技局将继续支持杭高院打造国家战略科技力量，为推进重点实验室的建设提供全面保障。未来，希望杭高院在新型的科学技术突破和实验室建设上再上新台阶，为杭州的科技平台建设、产业集聚、创新策源和提升科技影响力做出应有的贡献。 胡文瑞、吴岳良、王建宇、蔡荣根四位院士为实验室揭牌 实验室第一届学术委员会委员合影 随后，揭牌和颁发聘书仪式举行，胡文瑞、吴岳良、王建宇、蔡荣根四位院士为引力波宇宙太极实验室（杭州）和浙江省引力波紧密测量重点实验室（培育）揭牌。实验室学术委员会为委员颁发聘书，实验室主任吴岳良院士为学术委员会主任王建宇院士颁发聘书；吴岳良院士和王建宇院士共同为胡文瑞院士颁发学术委员会名誉主任聘书；王建宇院士为朱诗尧院士等9人颁发学士委员会委员聘书。 太极实验室副主任罗子人研究员代表实验室做工作报告 之后，太极实验室召开了第一届学术委员会会议。 与会领导和嘉宾集体合影 引力波是物质和能量的剧烈运动和变化所产生的一种物质波，它可以对黑洞等暗弱或不可见天体和宇宙起源开展研究，蕴含着巨大的科学发现前景。因此，掌握引力波探测的第一手数据，对于支撑我国在引力波物理、引力波天文学和宇宙学等研究上取得突破，抢占国际引力波研究的制高点至关重要。2019年， “太极一号”卫星发射成功，迈出了中国空间引力波探测第一步，入选了两院院士评选“2019年中国十大科技进展新闻”和中科院“率先行动计划”第一阶段重大科技成果，为我国在空间引力波探测领域率先取得突破奠定了基础。 为实现2033年前发射太极三星、率先取得空间引力波探测突破的目标，经过多年的积累和酝酿，中国科学院提出了太极计划发展三步走战略规划。作为中科院体系在浙江杭州的一脉重要分支，国科大杭高院以面向基础科学前沿，服务国家重大战略需求为使命建设太极实验室，实验室将重点服务太极计划，为太极计划提供科学、技术和管理全面支撑。 目前，太极实验室已经得到了中科院战略先导A类项目、国家自然科学基金重大项目以及国家重点研发计划项目的支持，并在2020年进入“浙江省引力波精密测量重点实验室（培育）”序列。“实验室的主要任务是针对空间引力波探测关键技术开展地面研究，为下一步空间引力波探测工程实施奠定重要技术支撑。”实验室副主任罗子人研究员介绍，太极实验室的运行和建设，旨在解决目前我国急需的基础物理领域大科学工程的基础研究平台，为我国日后引力波探测、引力宇宙、量子物理基本问题研究、深空通信中继、火星探测、深空定位网、空间超精密测量实验以及海量数据采集、分析等进行地面验证，同时还可满足微弱力场测量、空间量子实验、惯性导航、高精度卫星平台等应用领域的科学需求。 “空间引力波探测作为目前国际最尖端、最前沿的科学技术，有着广泛、深刻的应用前景，实验室的落地，将吸引一大批高端人才集聚杭州，为浙江的经济、社会发展，特别是基础研究应用方面作出应有的贡献。” 吴岳良院士介绍，下一步，实验室将朝着建设成为国家重点实验室的方向不懈努力。 【相关新闻媒体报道】中新网客户端：https://m.chinanews.com/wap/detail/chs/zw/9458555.shtml浙江新闻客户端：https://mepaper.zjol.com.cn/szb/zjrb_hd_news.html?theDate=2021-04-19&link_text=content_3427869.htm?div=-1中国蓝新闻客户端：http://wap.cztv.com/tv/80/1226585.html杭州日报：https://hzdaily.hangzhou.com.cn/hzrb/2021/04/20/page_detail_1_20210420A08.html
On April 14, 2021, Quantum Century (2025) China Plan and the first series of lectures on quantum science and technology were successfully held in Beijing. The event was jointly organized by ICTP-AP, the Institute of Theoretical Physics (ITP), the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences (IHNS) and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS. As the kick-off conferenceof “Quantum Century (2025)” in China, this event was broadcast live by KouShare Academic Platform online and offline, attracting more than 2,700 active participants. Academician Yueliang Wu , Vice President of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) and Director of ICTP-AP gave a themed lecture of “Meeting the New Quantum Century and Igniting the New Scientific Revolution”. Wu Yueliang first reviewed the centennial history of quantum theory, then introduced the scientific and technological progress brought by the development of quantum theory, and looked forward to the scientific and technological revolution of quantum in the new century. Finally, he briefly introduced his recent work on “The basics of hyperunified field theory”.Shenghua Hu , deputy editor-in-chief of Science Press and Director of publishing centre,Baichun Zhang , researcher at IHNS and academician of the International Academy of the History of Science jointly gave a themed lecture on “Wang Shoujing and Early Quantum Mechanics Research”, which mainly introduced the contributions made by Wang Shoujing and his research to the development of quantum mechanics. They also briefly summarized the theoretical physics situation in the United States before and after the birth of quantum mechanics and the observation on China’s early development of physics.（left to right：Yueliang Wu，Shenghua Hu，Baichun Zhang）Shangui Zhou , deputy director of ITP, and Xiaowu Guan , deputy director of IHNS attended the kick-off conferenceand delivered speeches. Jinyan Liu, associate researcher at IHNS introduced the origin of “Quantum Century 2025” and proposed more experts and scholars to participate together.（left to right ：Shangui Zhou，Xiaowu Guan，Jinyan Liu）In the 20th century, people knew about the micro-world based on quantum mechanics and developed a series of important scientific and technological achievements. The new century of quantum is coming, and there are still many unknowns about quantum. We expect more young scholars to join in relevant research, driving a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and promote major scientific and technological innovation. Background Introduction of Quantum Century 2025 At the end of the 19th century, physicists gradually realized that classical physics could not explain all the phenomena in the microscopic world reasonably, and began to explore new theories. In 1900, Max Planck first put forward the concept of “quantum”. By the mid-1920s, physicists gradually constructed the core theory of quantum mechanics. In 1925, Heisenberg, Born and Jordan cooperated to develop the matrix mechanics form of quantum mechanics. In 1926, Schrodinger developed the wave mechanics form of quantum mechanics and proved its equivalence with matrix mechanics. The establishment of quantum mechanics has broken the barriers of classical physics, reshaped people's cognition of science and the world, and stimulated a series of major changes in science and technology.“Quantum Century (2025)” was initiated by American Physical Society in 2020. It aims to review the interaction among theory, experiment, technology and culture in the development of quantum mechanics in the past centuryLooking forward to the development of quantum materials, quantum computing and other technologies in the next century, so as to deepen the public's understanding of quantum mechanics. Similar to the International Year of Physics in 2005 and the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies in 2015, UNESCO is planning to designate 2025 as the International Quantum Year. At present, research institutions and universities from many countries and regions, such as European Physical Society, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Max Planck Society of Germany, International Centre for Theoretical Physics of Italy, Bohr Archives of Denmark, Joint Institute of Nuclear Research of Russia, Physical Societies of Korea and India have participated in this activity.According to the reduced Planck constant h=4. 13566 × 10 (-15) eV∙s, international physicists suggest that April 14th be designated as the celebration day from 2021. By launching quantum themed activities all over the world, we can review the centennial history of quantum science and look forward to its development in the next century, so as to deepen the public's understanding of quantum science.【相关报道】科学网：http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2021/4/456016.shtm
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