At present, human beings know that there are four fundamental interactions in nature: gravitation, electromagnetism, strong and weak interactions. Gravitation is described by Einstein’s general theory of relativity, electromagnetic interactions are described by Maxwell equations, strong interactions are described by quantum chromodynamics (the binding of protons and neutrons into nuclei exhibits strong interactions), and weak interactions are described by electroweak model (some radioactive decays of unstable elements are caused by weak interactions, such as ß-decay). One of the ultimate goals of theoretical physics is to find a theoretical framework that can describe the four fundamental interactions in a unified way, i.e., the unified theory.Why should we unify different theories? In the development history of theoretical physics, unified theories describing different physical phenomena appeared more than once, and each unification made human beings have a deeper understanding of nature. For example, it is intuitively believed that electricity and magnetism are different natural phenomena, but Maxwell advanced a set of equations, which can describe electricity and magnetism in a unified way, indicating that electricity and magnetism are essentially the same, that is, electricity can generate magnetism, and magnetism can generate electricity, which laid a foundation for the development of motors, generators and radio communication. Current research in theoretical physics shows that the electroweak and strong interactions can be described by the Standard Model of particle physics, but they are still relatively independent and have not formed a unified model. In addition, gravitational interaction is essentially different from other interactions. The general theory of relativity describing gravitation is still a classical theory described by spacetime geometric dynamics, not a quantum theory. Therefore, it has always been the goal of theoretical physicists to find the quantum theory of gravitation and unify the electroweak interaction, strong interaction and gravitational interaction. In the search for a unified theory, Einstein made many attempts in the rest of his life, but failed. In recent decades, theoretical physicists put forward and developed the superstring theory, which is considered as a possible candidate for the unified theory. However, there is no final conclusion on this issue. One hundred years after Einstein put forward the Unified Field Theory, Yueliang Wu, academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Director of ICTP-AP, Director of Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe of UCAS, and Director of Academic Committee of the Institute of Theoretical Physics, CAS) has completed the systematic research work of The Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory. It opens up a new way to reveal the basic composition, symmetry and basic interactions of nature, the essence of spacetime and gravitation, and the origin of matter and the universe. It is a new attempt to the unified theory. The exploration and research of The Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory breaks the usual thinking formed since Einstein’s theory of relativity. Instead of starting directly from the existing concepts of symmetry, spacetime and its geometry, it takes the concepts of matter and motion as the basic starting point, that is, nature is composed of fundamental building blocks, which have intrinsic structures and are in motion constantly, and their motion is simple and regular. In order to realize such concepts of matter and motion reasonably and consistently in physics, The Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory takes the action principle of path integral formulation, which has been successfully applied to quantum field theory and classical physics, as its theoretical form system, the maximum coherence motion principle and locally entangled-qubits motion principle, together with the principle of scaling and gauge invariance are proposed and served as the foundation of hyperunified field theory. Starting from the basic matter field and motion concept and based on the existing physical phenomena and experiments, The Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory puts forward the basic guiding principles for establishing hyperunified field theory. Through detailed physical analysis and systematic theoretical deduction and induction, it can solve a series of long-standing basic problems in fundamental theoretical physics. For example, why are the fundamental building blocks of nature presented as spinor fields? What is the fundamental symmetry of nature and how it came into being? What is the basic attribute of spacetime and how it is embodied? How to determine the spacetime dimension of nature? Why time is different from space, and time is one-dimensional? Why there are more than one generation of leptons and quarks in nature? Why is the material world observed a four-dimensional spacetime universe? Whether the four basic interactions known in nature can be dominated by unified fundamental symmetry? What is the essence of gravitation and how it is characterized by hyperunified fundamental symmetry? What is the essence and structure of spacetime? How to understand the origin and evolution of the universe and how the early inflation of the universe occurred? What are the properties of dark matter and whether its existence implies new interactions in nature? What is the essence of dark energy and whether its presentation comes from new interactions in nature? Why today’s universe presents parity breaking and asymmetry between matter and antimatter? Whether the unified description of the fundamental laws of physics is uniquely determined by the concepts of matter and motion, and what kind of energy concepts, spacetime concepts, geometric concepts and cosmic concepts it will lead to? Academician Yueliang Wu’s related research results have been written into two articles, The foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory I-Fundamental Building Block and Symmetry and The foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory II-Fundamental Interaction and Evolving Universe, which were published in the International Journal of Modern Physics A (IJMPA Vol.36, No.28) with the special issue The foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory (301 pages in total):“Special Issue on the Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory” https://www.worldscientific.com/toc/ijmpa/36/28 “The Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory I —Fundamental Building Block and Symmetry”( IJMPA Vol.36, No.28, 2143001 (2021); arXiv:2104.05404 ) https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217751X21430016 “The Foundation of the Hyperunified Field Theory II —Fundamental Interaction and Evolving Universe” ”( IJMPA Vol.36, No.28, 2143002 (2021); arXiv:2104.05404 ) https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217751X21430028 He was invited to give talks on related work at the 2020/2021 Autumn Conference of Chinese Physical Society and the 28th International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY2021):The Foundation of Hyperunified Field Theory & Opportunity of New Scientific Revolution https://www.koushare.com/video/videodetail/16871 The Foundation of Unified Theory & Space Gravitational Wave Detection https://indico.cern.ch/event/875077/contributions/4488999/ The research above is supported by national funds, including the national key research and development plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology “Gravitational Wave Detection” key project, major projects of “Research on Physical Problems Related to Gravitational Waves” of National Natural Science Foundation of China, key projects related to dark matter attributes, “Special Fund for Theoretical Physics”. “Multi-Band Gravitational Wave Universe Research-Taiji Plan Pre-Study” and “Taiji Program for Space Gravitational Wave Detection” of Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS.
The Pre-SUSY Summer School, jointly organized by the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Theoretical Physics and ICTP-AP ended successfully on August 20, 2021. The two weeks summer school adopted the form of Chinese Week and English Week. Nearly 40 well-known experts and scholars at home and abroad were invited to bring wonderful lectures.Since its establishment in 1993, the annual SUSY Conference is one of the largest academic conferences in high-energy physics in the world. The conference has been held for 27 times around the world, and each was hosted by famous universities or research institutions from all over the world, dedicated to exploring cutting-edge ideas in the field of elementary particle physics. The 28th SUSY conference was supposed to be held in Beijing in 2020, but it had to be postponed until 2021 due to the impact of Covid-19 pandemic.Before each SUSY Conference, Pre-SUSY schools will be held for senior graduate students and postdocs from all over the world. Providing opportunities for young scholars to expand their knowledge and explore the forefront of world science. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the school took online teaching, and more than 1,000 people from home and abroad gathered in the cloud to conduct academic discussions on topics such as standard model, supersymmetry theory, grand unified theory, superstring model, Higgs physics, dark matter and so on.In addition to expert lectures, the summer school also provided a stage for students. Through voluntary registration, students could give academic reports based on their own research and communicate with the audience.Pre-SUSY Summer School has come to a successful conclusion. The International Academic Conference on Supersymmetry Physics will be held online from August 23 to 28. The academic feast will continue. Welcome to join us! (SUSY Conference website: https://indico.cern.ch/event/8750777/)For schedule and courseware of Pre-SUSY Summer School 2021, please refer to: https://ictp-ap.org/event/12
On July 20, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) held a press conference on the scientific achievements of “Strategic Priority Research Program” in Beijing. WU Yue-Liang, vice president of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) and chief scientist of the Taiji program, on behalf of the scientific collaboration team, released the scientific achievements of Taiji-1 satellite in the first stage.Taiji-1 satellite was officially delivered to UCAS in orbit in January 2020. The results of the first-stage in-orbit test and data analysis show that the Taiji-1 has achieved the highest precision of space laser interferometry in China. The accuracy of displacement measurement of the laser interferometer on Taiji-1 reached 100pm/Hz1/2, 25 pm/Hz1/2 in some frequency bands. The accuracy of the gravitational reference sensor on the satellite reached 10-10ms-2/Hz1/2, and the sensing accuracy and range ratio reaches the best level of 2×10-6/Hz1/2 in China. For the first time in the world, the on-orbit verification of the micro-thruster radio-frequency(RF) ion and dual-mode Hall electric propulsion technology has been realized. The micro-propulsion system achieves 0.15μN/Hz1/2 noise level, and the thrust measurement accuracy is better than 0.02μN/Hz1/2. The first on-orbit experiment of drag-free control of satellite was carried out in China, and the residual acceleration is better than 10-8ms-2/Hz1/2. The temperature control of the satellite platform reaches ± 2.6mk.The results of these in-orbit tests have been published in Communications Physics, one of the Nature-branded journals (read more). The realization of these important indicators verified the feasibility of the key technology of space gravitational wave detection, and took the first step of China's space gravitational wave detection, laying a foundation for China to make a breakthrough in the field of space gravitational wave detection.Meanwhile, International Journal of Modern Physics A of the World Scientific Press has published more detailed experimental results of Taiji-1 in the form of an album, including 26 papers, from more than 180 researchers, more than 30 cooperative units (read more). This album covers the interferometer system, gravity reference sensor, micro-thruster system, drag-free control, ultra-stable and ultra-static satellite technology, and introduces the data processing process of Taiji-1 in detail.In addition, the Taiji team has made great progress in the research of the scientific target of gravitational wave detection in space. For the first time in the world, the Taiji team proposed to use "Taiji-LISA" for networked observation, published in Nature Astronomy, which is expected to improve the accuracy of The Hubble constant to five parts per thousand (read more). The networked observations will allow faster and more accurate positioning of gravitational wave sources and are expected to improve accuracy by up to four orders of magnitude.Taiji-1 was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 31 August 2019, and it was China’s first satellite to conduct in-orbit experiments on the key technologies related to space-borne Gravitational Wave (GW) detection. It’s also the first step of Taiji program, which is a Chinese space-borne GW detection mission leading by Chinese Academy of Sciences. Taiji-1 has successfully completed all the preset on-orbit experiment tasks, and will further explore the performance limit of the payload on orbit, long life, and optimization of the drag-free control strategy and other expanded experiments.UCAS is the user and scientific application undertaking unit of Taiji-1. The National Space Science Center is responsible for the overall project and the ground support system. The satellite system was developed by the Micro Satellite Innovation Institute of the CAS. The cooperative units participating in the payload development also includes, Institute of Mechanics, CAS, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, CAS, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, CAST, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore etc.
The “ICTP-AP 2021 and Gravitational Wave Summer School” sponsored by ICTP-AP and Taiji Laboratory was successfully held in Beijing from July 15 to 21, 2021. Students from more than 30 universities and research institutes across China went to Beijing to participate in this activity and successfully graduated. At the opening ceremony, Yong Xie, Director of International Cooperation Department of UCAS, brought the First Lesson of School to the students. He talked about the development and innovation of higher education of CAS from 1950s, and brought everyone a comprehensive understanding of UCAS, an innovative university with the integration of science and education as the school mode, postgraduate education as the principle and elite undergraduate education as the school characteristics.Professor Congfeng Qiao, Secretary General of Taiji Consortium, welcomed all the students and introduced the development of Taiji Programme for space gravitational wave detection. He said that it was a long and arduous undertaking to explore the scientific frontier related to gravitational wave, and all students present might be the mainstay of gravitational wave detection in the future, so students need to constantly strengthen their fundamental scientific knowledge and learn about the scientific frontier subjects to lay a solid foundation for future research.In the following week,17 experts and teachers were invited to give more than 20 lectures on gravitation, black holes and quantum universe, gravitational wave detection and precision measurement technology, and discussed about the frontier of theoretical physics science with the students.Students were discussing questions with teachers after classesAt the closing ceremony on the July 21, Academician Yueliang Wu, director of ICTP-AP, gave a lecture on the frontier of gravitational universe and the essence of time and space. He introduced the latest scientific research achievements of “Taiji-1”, the first satellite of Taiji Programme: “Taiji-1” team had put forward the proposal of using “Taiji-LISA” for networking observation for the first time in the world, which was expected to improve the accuracy of Hubble constant to 0.5%, to locate the position of gravitational wave source faster and more accurately, and improve the accuracy by four orders of magnitude. Taiji-1 has completed all preset experimental tasks and achieved the highest precision space laser interferometry in China. It has completed all the performance verification of micro-newton radio frequency ion propulsion and hall-effect micro thruster technology for the first time in the world. It has taken the lead in realizing the breakthrough of two kinds of drag-free control technologies in China, and the sensing accuracy and range of gravitational reference sensor reached the best compared with others in the same level in China, meeting the needs of Taiji-2 and approaching the needs of Taiji-3 in the future. In the ever-changing era, we hope all the students will have great ambitions, be courageous and strive for the development of foundamental sciences.
4月18日，浙江省引领波精密测量重点实验室（培育）建设启动会暨太极实验室第一届学术委员会会议在国科大杭州高等研究院（以下简称“杭高院”）召开。 中科院力学研究所胡文瑞院士、中国科学院大学吴岳良院士、杭高院院长王建宇院士、中科院理论物理研究所蔡荣根院士、浙江大学朱诗尧院士、复旦大学马余刚院士、之江实验室副主任鲍虎军教授、浙江大学刘旭教授、中科院力学研究所康琦研究员、杭高院物理与光电工程学院戴宁研究员、杭高院基础物理与数学科学学院耿朝强研究员、杭高院常务副院长郑崇辉教授，杭州市科技局党组成员、总工程师楼立群现场出席会议，南京大学祝世宁院士、中科院国家天文台常进院士线上参会，杭高院筹建领导小组办公室主任沈伟主持会议。 郑崇辉对出席这次会议的各位来宾表示诚挚谢意和热烈欢迎。他介绍了杭高院目前教学科研和实验室建设的有关情况。作为我国空间引力波探测太极计划的核心支撑平台，太极实验室不仅是杭高院“一三五”规划建设中具有重大影响力的科技创新有力载体，也是引领重要科学发现和重大前沿技术突破的新引擎。随着实验室的顺利落地，将重点服务太极计划，致力于为太极计划提供科学、技术和管理领域的全面支撑。郑崇辉指出，浙江省和杭州市目前都在大力推进科技创新发展，相信在各位同仁的努力下，本次会议将为推动实验室的高质量发展，为进一步厚植浙江创新驱动发展新优势，为杭州加快打造“面向世界、引领未来、服务全国、带动全省”的创新策源地聚势赋能。 楼立群对杭高院太极实验室发展取得的进展表示祝贺，并表示杭州建设科学中心和创新高地离不开中科院、国科大的支持。作为杭州市高层次的科研机构和基础设施，太极实验室的建设，必将助力杭州未来争创综合性国家科学中心和区域性创新高地。市科技局将继续支持杭高院打造国家战略科技力量，为推进重点实验室的建设提供全面保障。未来，希望杭高院在新型的科学技术突破和实验室建设上再上新台阶，为杭州的科技平台建设、产业集聚、创新策源和提升科技影响力做出应有的贡献。 胡文瑞、吴岳良、王建宇、蔡荣根四位院士为实验室揭牌 实验室第一届学术委员会委员合影 随后，揭牌和颁发聘书仪式举行，胡文瑞、吴岳良、王建宇、蔡荣根四位院士为引力波宇宙太极实验室（杭州）和浙江省引力波紧密测量重点实验室（培育）揭牌。实验室学术委员会为委员颁发聘书，实验室主任吴岳良院士为学术委员会主任王建宇院士颁发聘书；吴岳良院士和王建宇院士共同为胡文瑞院士颁发学术委员会名誉主任聘书；王建宇院士为朱诗尧院士等9人颁发学士委员会委员聘书。 太极实验室副主任罗子人研究员代表实验室做工作报告 之后，太极实验室召开了第一届学术委员会会议。 与会领导和嘉宾集体合影 引力波是物质和能量的剧烈运动和变化所产生的一种物质波，它可以对黑洞等暗弱或不可见天体和宇宙起源开展研究，蕴含着巨大的科学发现前景。因此，掌握引力波探测的第一手数据，对于支撑我国在引力波物理、引力波天文学和宇宙学等研究上取得突破，抢占国际引力波研究的制高点至关重要。2019年， “太极一号”卫星发射成功，迈出了中国空间引力波探测第一步，入选了两院院士评选“2019年中国十大科技进展新闻”和中科院“率先行动计划”第一阶段重大科技成果，为我国在空间引力波探测领域率先取得突破奠定了基础。 为实现2033年前发射太极三星、率先取得空间引力波探测突破的目标，经过多年的积累和酝酿，中国科学院提出了太极计划发展三步走战略规划。作为中科院体系在浙江杭州的一脉重要分支，国科大杭高院以面向基础科学前沿，服务国家重大战略需求为使命建设太极实验室，实验室将重点服务太极计划，为太极计划提供科学、技术和管理全面支撑。 目前，太极实验室已经得到了中科院战略先导A类项目、国家自然科学基金重大项目以及国家重点研发计划项目的支持，并在2020年进入“浙江省引力波精密测量重点实验室（培育）”序列。“实验室的主要任务是针对空间引力波探测关键技术开展地面研究，为下一步空间引力波探测工程实施奠定重要技术支撑。”实验室副主任罗子人研究员介绍，太极实验室的运行和建设，旨在解决目前我国急需的基础物理领域大科学工程的基础研究平台，为我国日后引力波探测、引力宇宙、量子物理基本问题研究、深空通信中继、火星探测、深空定位网、空间超精密测量实验以及海量数据采集、分析等进行地面验证，同时还可满足微弱力场测量、空间量子实验、惯性导航、高精度卫星平台等应用领域的科学需求。 “空间引力波探测作为目前国际最尖端、最前沿的科学技术，有着广泛、深刻的应用前景，实验室的落地，将吸引一大批高端人才集聚杭州，为浙江的经济、社会发展，特别是基础研究应用方面作出应有的贡献。” 吴岳良院士介绍，下一步，实验室将朝着建设成为国家重点实验室的方向不懈努力。 【相关新闻媒体报道】中新网客户端：https://m.chinanews.com/wap/detail/chs/zw/9458555.shtml浙江新闻客户端：https://mepaper.zjol.com.cn/szb/zjrb_hd_news.html?theDate=2021-04-19&link_text=content_3427869.htm?div=-1中国蓝新闻客户端：http://wap.cztv.com/tv/80/1226585.html杭州日报：https://hzdaily.hangzhou.com.cn/hzrb/2021/04/20/page_detail_1_20210420A08.html
On April 14, 2021, Quantum Century (2025) China Plan and the first series of lectures on quantum science and technology were successfully held in Beijing. The event was jointly organized by ICTP-AP, the Institute of Theoretical Physics (ITP), the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences (IHNS) and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS. As the kick-off conferenceof “Quantum Century (2025)” in China, this event was broadcast live by KouShare Academic Platform online and offline, attracting more than 2,700 active participants. Academician Yueliang Wu , Vice President of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) and Director of ICTP-AP gave a themed lecture of “Meeting the New Quantum Century and Igniting the New Scientific Revolution”. Wu Yueliang first reviewed the centennial history of quantum theory, then introduced the scientific and technological progress brought by the development of quantum theory, and looked forward to the scientific and technological revolution of quantum in the new century. Finally, he briefly introduced his recent work on “The basics of hyperunified field theory”.Shenghua Hu , deputy editor-in-chief of Science Press and Director of publishing centre,Baichun Zhang , researcher at IHNS and academician of the International Academy of the History of Science jointly gave a themed lecture on “Wang Shoujing and Early Quantum Mechanics Research”, which mainly introduced the contributions made by Wang Shoujing and his research to the development of quantum mechanics. They also briefly summarized the theoretical physics situation in the United States before and after the birth of quantum mechanics and the observation on China’s early development of physics.（left to right：Yueliang Wu，Shenghua Hu，Baichun Zhang）Shangui Zhou , deputy director of ITP, and Xiaowu Guan , deputy director of IHNS attended the kick-off conferenceand delivered speeches. Jinyan Liu, associate researcher at IHNS introduced the origin of “Quantum Century 2025” and proposed more experts and scholars to participate together.（left to right ：Shangui Zhou，Xiaowu Guan，Jinyan Liu）In the 20th century, people knew about the micro-world based on quantum mechanics and developed a series of important scientific and technological achievements. The new century of quantum is coming, and there are still many unknowns about quantum. We expect more young scholars to join in relevant research, driving a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and promote major scientific and technological innovation. Background Introduction of Quantum Century 2025 At the end of the 19th century, physicists gradually realized that classical physics could not explain all the phenomena in the microscopic world reasonably, and began to explore new theories. In 1900, Max Planck first put forward the concept of “quantum”. By the mid-1920s, physicists gradually constructed the core theory of quantum mechanics. In 1925, Heisenberg, Born and Jordan cooperated to develop the matrix mechanics form of quantum mechanics. In 1926, Schrodinger developed the wave mechanics form of quantum mechanics and proved its equivalence with matrix mechanics. The establishment of quantum mechanics has broken the barriers of classical physics, reshaped people's cognition of science and the world, and stimulated a series of major changes in science and technology.“Quantum Century (2025)” was initiated by American Physical Society in 2020. It aims to review the interaction among theory, experiment, technology and culture in the development of quantum mechanics in the past centuryLooking forward to the development of quantum materials, quantum computing and other technologies in the next century, so as to deepen the public's understanding of quantum mechanics. Similar to the International Year of Physics in 2005 and the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies in 2015, UNESCO is planning to designate 2025 as the International Quantum Year. At present, research institutions and universities from many countries and regions, such as European Physical Society, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Max Planck Society of Germany, International Centre for Theoretical Physics of Italy, Bohr Archives of Denmark, Joint Institute of Nuclear Research of Russia, Physical Societies of Korea and India have participated in this activity.According to the reduced Planck constant h=4. 13566 × 10 (-15) eV∙s, international physicists suggest that April 14th be designated as the celebration day from 2021. By launching quantum themed activities all over the world, we can review the centennial history of quantum science and look forward to its development in the next century, so as to deepen the public's understanding of quantum science.【相关报道】科学网：http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2021/4/456016.shtm
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太极计划亮相中国航天大会 相关报道抢先看 中科院自2008年开始论证我国空间引力波探测的可行性，提出了我国空间引力波探测“太极计划”，确定“单星、双星、三星”的“三步走”发展战略和路线图。2019年8月，我国首颗空间引力波探测技术实验卫星“太极一号”成功发射，标志着太极计划“三步走”第一步任务目标已成功实现。 在2020年9月18日召开的中国航天大会主论坛上，中国科学院院士、空间引力波探测“太极计划”首席科学家吴岳良发布了“太极二号”双星计划提前迎来的消息。目前，“太极一号”转入拓展实验阶段，“太极二号”双星计划启动后，也正在按照原定计划稳步向前推进。“太极二号”双星计划在整个“太极计划”中具有承上启下的重要意义，以此为契机，“太极计划”计划将于2023年后发射“太极二号”卫星，2033年左右发射“太极三号”卫星，从而完成太空卫星编队的部署。届时，三颗卫星将在绕日轨道上组成一个边长300万公里等边三角形卫星编队，帮助人类更好地探索和认识恒星、星系和黑洞的并和与演化。 吴岳良院士的报告引起了社会的热烈反响，新华社、央视网、中国新闻网、每经网、朝闻天下、光明网等媒体相继报导了这一重大进展。【新闻链接】 新华社：中科院启动“太极二号”双星计划探测空间引力波 http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-09/19/c_1126515081.htm 央视网：http://news.cctv.com/2020/09/20/ARTIbuuOb3VIeWn6uJgNvEqz200920.shtml 中国新闻网：中科院正按规划路线图启动空间引力波探测计划第二步“太极二号”双星计划http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2020/09-18/9294267.shtml 每经网：http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2020-09-20/1508849.html 朝闻天下：http://www.cas.ac.cn/spx/202009/t20200921_4760540.shtml 光明网：https://www.sohu.com/a/419509040_162758 环球科学网：https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2020-09-21/doc-iivhvpwy8046170.shtml
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太空浩渺深邃，驱动其诞生、演化、膨胀的隐秘“暗”物质与能量长什么样？万物繁复多变，是否有一种统一而“简洁”的理论和模型解释所有现象？宇宙留下“时空涟漪”，如何捕捉这美妙却微弱的信息？宇宙图景幽深、神秘，却让人如痴如醉。这便是中国科学院院士、中国科学院理论物理研究所研究员吴岳良面前的物理世界。“宇宙充满未解之谜，吸引着我不断思考，挑战自我、探索未知。”近40年来，吴岳良“仰观宇宙之广大，俯探学问之前沿”，努力做出世界一流的物理学研究。大工程，探索“隐秘的美好”近百年来，人类对宇宙的认识取得了巨大的进步。然而，仍有无数的谜团尚未揭开。其中，暗物质、暗能量被认为是21世纪现代物理学和天文学天空中的“两朵乌云”。“它们是本世纪物理学中最大的科学问题，揭开这两大谜团，将带来一场新的物理学革命。”吴岳良告诉《中国科学报》。物质粒子是宇宙的基本构成之一。通俗来说，暗物质就是既不发射光，也不吸收和反射光的物质；暗能量即驱动宇宙运动的一种“神秘”能量，两者都不可被基于电磁波的现有技术直接观测或检测到。但事实上，逐渐累积的大量天文观测数据通过引力效应表明了大量暗物质暗能量的存在，且成为了宇宙的主要组分，约占百分之九十五以上。寻找暗物质、研究暗能量的本质，将对物质、时空和宇宙的起源等基本问题有更深的认识，这也成为国际物理学和天文学界研究的热点。10年前，吴岳良作为“暗物质、暗能量的理论研究及实验预研”首席科学家，凝聚国内相关优势力量向“两朵乌云”发起挑战。经过10年的艰苦探索，研究团队取得了一系列具有国际影响力的成果。比如：在我国暗物质实验探测方面，从无到有形成了地下到空间的直接和间接暗物质探测两个大平台，突破了一系列关键探测技术；在理论研究方面，提出了解释暗物质的模型和机制，极大推动了实验的开展。在这个过程中，我国暗物质的研究力量逐渐建立并愈发强大。“通过项目研究，促进了我国暗物质理论与实验研究的结合。暗物质暗能量是在探索未知，在某种意义上，我们与国外同时起步，如今也处在同样有竞争力的水平上。”吴岳良对10年来的进步感到欣慰而满意。在科学家苦苦追寻暗物质暗能量的踪迹与奥秘之时，“引力波”被捕捉到了，这给了科学家们极大的鼓舞。2016年，美国激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）宣布探测到了双黑洞合并事件的引力波，同年，中科院也对外披露了我国引力波空间探测计划——“太极计划”。该计划可追溯到2008年——在中科院的支持下，胡文瑞院士组织我国科学家对其论证，且在2012年由吴岳良代表中国空间引力波探测工作组在欧空局eLISA首次联盟会议上报告该计划。按计划，我国将在2033年前发射引力波探测卫星组，进行中低频波段引力波的直接探测。吴岳良再次挑起重担，担任“太极计划”的首席科学家。吴岳良表示，“当前我们观察到的宇宙现象依赖于电磁相互作用，引力波是另外一种探测手段，而空间引力波探测则可以看到更广、更深的宇宙信息和天体现象，包括暗物质暗能量、宇宙早期形成与演化等。”2019年12月25日，我国首颗空间引力波探测技术实验卫星“太极一号”在历经4个月严格测试和实验后，各项功能、性能指标满足研制总要求，在轨测试实验取得成功。“这是科学院有史以来，在空间探测技术难度如此大的情况下，依然在1年之内建成并完成目标的科学卫星。我作为参与者和推动者，感到欣喜和满意。”吴岳良说，目前，太极一号在轨验证的各项技术指标超过任务预期目标，他们正积极筹备太极二号的双星实验。但吴岳良深知，空间引力波探测技术是当前人类所掌握的精密测量和控制技术的“极限”，未来挑战巨大。至今，在吴岳良的办公室，粘贴着一张写满密密麻麻行程的“太极一号”计划的时间表，旁边是一张有着他的签名的“军令状”。“我们希望以国际合作竞争的方式，共同突破关键技术，赶上国际水平。”吴岳良爽朗的笑声中充满了对未来的坚定和信心。纯理论：追寻“大一统”的简洁美“理论物理只有世界第一，没有第二。”在吴岳良心中，导师周光召先生的这句话是自己科学研究路上的指路明灯。他努力创造一套属于中国学者提出的、被国际所认可的物理学新理论新概念。历经20多年的坚持，吴岳良于2018年在揭秘爱因斯坦统一场论的研究中取得突破——创建了超统一场论。吴岳良说，自1915年爱因斯坦创立广义相对论以来，构建一套能够统一描述自然界已知基本相互作用的理论，是所有理论物理学家所追求的梦想。爱因斯坦花费了其后半生几乎所有的时间探寻统一场论。追寻大一统的简洁之美，也是吴岳良的梦想。1996年，吴岳良回国后与周光召开始共同研究大一统理论。次年，他们在《中国科学》杂志上发表了题为《对所有基本力的一种可能的大统一模型》的研究论文，这是他们最初的想法。20多年来，除却必要的行政事务，吴岳良无时无刻不在思考着这些问题，“做理论物理研究有个好处，就是随时随地可以开始工作，早上醒来、走在路上都可以思考。”吴岳良说。吴岳良提出了超统一场论，引起国际同行广泛关注。其涉及对时空观念、几何观念和宇宙观念以及物质观念和能量观念的重新认识，将为探索终极统一理论打开一扇新窗口。他解释说，爱因斯坦广义相对论认为“引力是弯曲时空的表现”，而他要抛开弯曲时空的概念，直接在平坦时空中引入引力场作为量子场，并在这个场中将“引力、电磁力、强相互作用力、弱相互作用力”这4种基本相互作用进行统一的描述。挑战与众不同的理论，并不是一件容易的事。在吴岳良看来，兴趣、热爱、坚持与不断思考，是支撑他研究不断取得突破的重要因素。“尽管在上个世纪有国外科学家提出相关的统一理论，但我们至少有属于自己提出的既在理论上自洽又与现有实验一致且有新的理论预言的理论，但理论最终都需要经过实验来检验。”吴岳良说。作为理论物理学家，吴岳良对理论物理有着深刻地理解。他坚信，物理一定是简单的，规律一定是简洁的。“把所有物理现象通过严密的数学逻辑推理，总结抽象成一个最具有普遍意义和规律的理论，例如众所周知的量子理论、相对论、牛顿理论等，从而可应用至各个方面。这也是中科院专门成立理论物理所的初衷和使命。”谢恩师：承袭先贤做一流学问对吴岳良来说，父亲指引他走上了理论物理之路。“父亲告诉我，要做最前沿的工作，要找最好的导师。我觉得理论物理的魅力在于探索未知，具有前沿性和很大挑战性。”这是吴岳良选择理论物理的初衷。而在之后近40年的科研人生中，中国科学院院士、“两弹一星”元勋周光召是他的“领路人”。1982年，吴岳良考入周光召门下作硕士生和博士生。他说，导师的言传身教，在自己人生观、价值观和世界观的形成上，都打下了深刻的烙印。“周先生的一生与国家的需要紧密结合，他希望为国奉献的传统在年轻人中传承。”吴岳良回忆说，“这也是从彭先生那里传承下来的，彭先生当时回国的时候就说‘回国不需要理由，不回国才需要理由’”。1986年，吴岳良即将博士毕业并计划到国外开展博士后研究，周光召问他，“你将来‘翅膀硬了’，可能会面临很多选择，但一旦国家需要你做出某种选择时，你是否能服从国家需要、回来服务国家？”吴岳良给出了肯定的答案。在美国、德国从事科研的近10年里，他与周光召始终保持着联系。只要周光召出访到吴岳良所从事科学研究的国家，他们定会约上见面，他向吴岳良介绍国内科技的发展，而吴岳良也会向导师汇报近况和研究进展。1996年，在周光召的召唤下，吴岳良回国从事科学研究，也就是从那时起，他与导师合作开启了超统一理论的研究工作。在科研工作中，周光召敢于挑战权威的特点对吴岳良产生了深远影响，帮助他度过“至暗时刻”。“理论物理研究是一个否定之否定的过程，需要不断否定自己，最终找到一个比较肯定的答案，但否定自己容易，否定别人，尤其是权威是十分困难的。”吴岳良说。1993年前后，吴岳良正在进行“正反粒子变换和左右宇称反演联合对称性（CP）破坏和第六个基本粒子顶夸克性质”的研究，他对顶夸克质量的理论估算与欧洲核子中心早期一个有误的实验结果不一致。此外，他还提出了一个简单理论模型（包含粒子物理标准模型CP破坏机制在内的四类CP破坏源）。然而，由于这类模型被研究了二十多年，很多人认为不可能还有这么重要的理论结论没有被发现，由此，他的研究论文也“自然”被美国的顶尖期刊拒稿数次。那时，吴岳良在作博士后，别人一年都发表几篇甚至十几篇论文，而他在那一年只写一篇文章就为了认识这个问题。“压力的确很大。”他坦承。吴岳良想到导师在面对权威质疑时不迷信、独立思考的经历和教导，下定决心用了半年多的时间调研了过去所有的相关研究，并撰写了近80页的长文来证明模型的自洽性，最后的研究结果连续发表在美国《物理评论快报》上，该模型后来被国际同行专家称为模型Ⅲ2HDM。此外，周光召善于从事物的第一性考虑复杂问题的思考方式、对科研的执着等也使得吴岳良获益良多。导师的精神与理念，吴岳良将其传承至他的后辈学生之中。 彭桓武（左）、周光召（中）、吴岳良（右）师生三代 （中科院理论物理所供图）育人才：做真正原创的研究对于理论物理所研究员周宇峰来说，导师吴岳良教会他最多的便是独立思考能力。1999年他考入理论物理所，成为吴岳良的博士研究生。“在做博士期间，吴老师就特别强调独立思考能力，在对某个问题进行大量的调研后，形成自己的想法和判断，只有这样才能做出有高度的原创性工作。”周宇峰告诉《中国科学报》，吴老师不轻易盲从他人、甘做“冷板凳”的精神让自己受益匪浅。如今，周宇峰也不断挑战难题、新题，与导师亦师亦友，协同合作。他已成为暗物质理论、超出标准模型的新物理等方向的专家，提出了数个具有原创性的相互作用机制、计算方法和暗物质理论模型。而刘金岩走了一条与师兄师姐不同的发展之路。2010年，她成为吴岳良门下粒子物理专业的博士研究生，现为中国科学院自然科学史研究所副研究员。知史以明鉴，查古以至今。她告诉《中国科学报》，周光召先生曾提出，中国理论物理学应有自己史学研究，不能断代，导师吴岳良将此愿望记在了心里。在刘金岩即将博士毕业时，导师问她是否对物理学史感兴趣，因得知自然科学史所非常希望有理论物理背景，特别是量子力学和量子场论方面基础的青年人才加入，而喜欢历史的她回答“非常愿意”。在吴岳良的建议下，刘金岩进入中国科学院自然科学史所，投身至中国物理学史的研究。“受过粒子物理学专业训练，也使我在历史研究中更加得心应手。”刘金岩说。当前，国际物理学研究竞争日趋激烈。“我们到了不应再跟踪，而是做真正原始创新工作的时候了。”吴岳良说。但他同时也深感，当前由于涉及高能量和高强度及高精度的大型前沿实验进展放慢，理论物理发展也相对变得缓慢，但从另一方面来看这给我国理论物理学家提供了一个深入思考和研究并做出原创性科研成果的机遇。而国内的科研环境并不太利于基础研究，尤其像理论物理这样的纯基础研究，需要改革科研评价体制、营造开放交流的氛围，以及长期稳定的支持，让基础研究的科研人员有兴趣、热爱，驱动其做原创研究。“不得不承认，科学史上留下来的经典理论大多由国外科学家发现创立的。我们要成为科技强国，必须要培养年轻人才，做出能在科学史上留得下来的中国科学家创立的理论，为世界科学发展贡献一份力量。”吴岳良坚定地说。来源：韩扬眉 中国科学报
From July 13-16, 2020, the 2020 UCAS Gravitational Wave Summer School held successfully. UNESCO International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific (ICTP-AP) and Consortium of Gravitational Wave Detection Taiji Program in Space jointly sponsored this summer school.Due to the corona virus pandemic, the summer school was carried out on "cloud". All the teachers and students shared their opinions and research results through internet. Academician Yueliang Wu, (vice-president of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of ICTP-AP) academician Wenrui Hu (Institute of mechanics, CAS), and other 14 well-known experts from the ‘Taiji Consortium‘ conducted 16 wonderful lectures on the related research area of gravitational waves detection. Nearly 900 participants gathered online to explore the mysteries of gravitational waves and enjoy the charm of science.2020国科大优秀大学生引力波暑期学校成功举办由联合国教科文组织国际理论物理中心-亚太地区（ICTP-AP）和引力波探测太极联盟联合主办的2020中国科学院大学优秀大学生引力波暑期学校于2020年7月13-16日成功举办。中国科学院大学副校长、国际理论物理中心-亚太地区主任吴岳良院士，中科院力学所胡文瑞院士等14位来自‘太极联盟’的知名专家，围绕着引力波探测相关研究进行了16场精彩的系列讲座。四天时间里，有近九百人相聚“云端”，共话引力波的奥秘，体悟科学的乐趣。 暑期学校部分师生“云合影”受疫情影响，本次引力波暑期学校全程在“云端”进行，教师和学员均通过互联网进行线上互动。同时，充分利用互联网授课模式的优势，对外开放了暑期学校所有讲座，让更多人有机会接触到引力波探测领域的前沿知识。中国科学院院士、‘太极计划’总顾问胡文瑞先生为学员们带来了第一课：空间引力波探索。他为学员们生动的讲述了空间引力波探测发展的来龙去脉。国际理论物理中心-亚太地区主任、‘太极计划’首席科学家吴岳良院士为学员们讲述了‘太极计划’的发展历程，科学目标及技术路线。从放眼未来回归到引力波探测的历史长河，早在100年前，爱因斯坦就预言了引力波的存在，中科院理论物理研究所张元仲研究员详细讲述了相对论与引力波以及引力波的探测史。现在，我们也将成为这见证历史的一员。2015年，美国地面激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）首次在人类历史上直接探测到引力波的存在。王运永教授曾在在美国加州理工学院LIGO实验室从事引力波探测工作多年，对引力波探测有丰富的经验和先进的理念。此次暑期学校，他同罗子人研究员、刘河山研究员为学员们带来了空间引力波探测及其中的激光干涉相关知识。惯性传感器不仅在超高精度探测中应用，同时也在相对论基础科学、重力测量等领域都有广泛的应用。徐鹏教授向学员们介绍了它的工作原理和引力波探测器惯性基准，以及空间引力波探测中时间延迟干涉测量的相关知识。电推进和无拖曳控制技术在航天器轨道控制和姿态控制，确保卫星处于“超稳超静”状态中起到了至关重要的作用。贺建武研究员和章楚研究员就相关技术的工作原理和研究现状进行了讲解。在空间中组成卫星编队探测引力波对测量精度要求空前、各环节耦合性强、技术挑战极大。为确保卫星在太空中能够适应太空环境，顺利完成它的“使命”，全链路仿真是唯一能够快速发现任务潜在问题和风险，辅助研发和验证关键技术的有效方法。马晓珊研究员和强丽娥研究员针对空间引力波探测系统仿真技术为学员们带来了相关报告。LIGO自探测到引力波的存在以来，多次获得了黑洞合并的观测数据，韩文标研究员介绍了双黑洞并合引力波的基本原理和性质，曹周键研究员和金洪波研究员为同学们讲授了引力波数据处理与分析的相关知识。7月16日，暑期学校举行了闭幕仪式，邀请了技物所亓洪兴研究员和理论所优秀博士生刘畅作为导师和学生代表分享了自己的科研经历和心得体会。本次引力波暑期学校共有五位学员经专家考核脱颖而出，授予“2020国科大优秀大学生引力波暑期学校-优秀学员”称号，名单公布如下（按姓氏排序）：引力波暑期学校为年轻学子提供了一个接触国际学科前沿的平台，将吸引更多的有志青年投身到引力波探测相关研究中。期待他们未来能够成为“太极计划“”的一员，为中国空间引力波探测做出卓越贡献。
The first International Symposium on Gravitational Waves (ISGW2017) was held from May 26 to 28 on the Yanqi campus of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China. Nearly 120 participants from 11 countries and over 66 universities, institutions and international organizations attended the symposium. This symposium has been paid great attention by the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Ministry of Science and Technology，National Natural Science Foundation of China.The main topics of the symposium include• Gravitational Wave Physics• Missions, Strategies and Plans of Gravitational Wave Detection• Frontiers of Science and Technology in Gravitational Wave Detection• International Collaborations on Gravitational Wave DetectionThe aim of the symposium is to bring together leading experts in gravitational wave physics and gravitational wave detection to present the latest research advances and to discuss possible collaborations on gravitational wave detection. During the three-day symposium, 55 scientists (23 invited speakers and 22 parallel speakers) gave their wonderful talks. As the science and education area of the “one nuclear four area” of Huairou Science City, UCAS has attracted the attention of the world’s gravitational wave researchers for Huairou Science City this time.AsChinese Academy of Sciences has previously announced, UCAS is also the relying on unit of Chinese “Taiji Program” in Space. More than ten domestic scientific research institutions haveset up “Taiji Union” (Consortium of Gravitational Wave Detection Program in Space) during this symposium.Since the frequency of the gravitational wave signal is between 35Hz and 250Hz (the human ear can capture the sound frequency of 20Hz-20000Hz), we can use the ear to hear the magic of the gravitational wave. “The era of GW Astronomy has come, let’s start listening to the sounds of the cosmic jungle!” As professor Bernard F. Schutz said in the talk, the direct detection of gravitational waves opens a new window to explore our universe and indicates the coming of a new era of gravitational-wave astronomy.
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